在機(jī)械設(shè)備安裝中地腳螺栓與墊鐵的使用方式介紹

時(shí)間：2015/12/10 14:51:37 瀏覽量：661 機(jī)械設(shè)備就位前，必須對(duì)設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)混凝土強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行測(cè)定。一般應(yīng)待混凝土強(qiáng)度達(dá)到60%以上，設(shè)備才可就位安裝。設(shè)備找平調(diào)整時(shí)，擰緊地腳螺栓必須待混凝土達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度才可進(jìn)行。中小型機(jī)械設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)可用“鋼球撞痕法”測(cè)定混凝土強(qiáng)度。大型機(jī)械設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)就位安裝前須要進(jìn)行預(yù)壓，預(yù)壓的重量為自重和允許加工件最大重量總和的1.25倍。
設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)的幾何尺寸應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定，設(shè)備定位的基準(zhǔn)線應(yīng)以車間柱子縱橫中心線或以墻的邊緣為基準(zhǔn)（應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)圖紙要求）
地腳螺栓
①地腳螺栓的作用是將機(jī)械設(shè)備與地基基礎(chǔ)牢固地連接起來，防止設(shè)備在工作時(shí)發(fā)生位移、振動(dòng)和傾覆。
② 地腳螺栓的長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)符合施工圖的規(guī)定，當(dāng)施工圖具體規(guī)定時(shí)，可按下式確定：
L=15D+S+(5~10) 式中L-地腳螺栓的長(zhǎng)度（mm）
D –地腳螺栓的直徑（mm）
S—墊鐵高度及機(jī)座、螺母厚度和預(yù)留量（預(yù)留量大約為地腳螺栓3~5個(gè)螺距）的總和。
③垂直埋放的地腳螺栓，在敷設(shè)時(shí)應(yīng)保證鉛直度，其垂直偏差應(yīng)小于1%。
④地腳螺栓偏差的排除。中心距偏差的處理。當(dāng)?shù)啬_螺栓中心距偏差超出允許值時(shí)，先用鑿子剔去螺紋周圍混凝土，剔去的深度為螺栓直徑的8~15倍，然后用氧-乙煥火焰加熱螺栓需校正彎曲部位至850℃左右，用大錘和千斤頂進(jìn)行校正。達(dá)到要求后，在彎曲部位處增焊鋼板，以防螺栓受力后又被拉直。最后補(bǔ)罐混凝土。
標(biāo)高偏差的處理。螺栓標(biāo)高的正偏差超過允許范圍，應(yīng)切割去一部分，并重新加工出螺紋。若螺栓標(biāo)高負(fù)偏差且不超過15mm，應(yīng)先鑿去一部分混凝土，然后用氧乙煥火焰將螺紋外部分烤紅拉長(zhǎng)，在拉長(zhǎng)后直徑縮小的部分兩側(cè)焊上兩條加強(qiáng)的鋼筋或細(xì)管。若負(fù)偏差超過15mm時(shí)，應(yīng)將螺栓切斷，并重焊一根新螺栓，再在對(duì)接焊中加焊4根鋼筋，處理完畢后重新澆灌好混凝土。
地腳螺栓“活板”的處理。在擰緊地腳螺栓時(shí)，由于用力過大，將螺栓從設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)中拉出，使設(shè)備安裝無法進(jìn)行。此時(shí)需將螺栓中部混凝土鑿去，然后焊上兩條交叉的U形鋼筋，補(bǔ)焊混凝土，即可將螺栓重新固定。
墊鐵，在設(shè)備底座下安放墊鐵組，通過對(duì)墊鐵組厚度的調(diào)整，使設(shè)備達(dá)到安裝要求的標(biāo)高和水平，同時(shí)便于二次灌漿，使設(shè)備底座各部分都能與基礎(chǔ)充分接觸，并使基礎(chǔ)均勻承受機(jī)器設(shè)備的重量及運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的力。
墊鐵的分類及適用范圍。矩形墊鐵（又名平墊鐵）用于承受主要負(fù)荷和較強(qiáng)連續(xù)振動(dòng)的設(shè)備，斜墊鐵大多用于不承受主要負(fù)荷（主要負(fù)荷基本上 由灌漿層承受）的部位，斜墊鐵下應(yīng)有平墊鐵，開口墊鐵常以支座形式安裝在金屬結(jié)構(gòu)或地平面上，并且是支撐面積較小的情況，其設(shè)備由兩個(gè)以上底腳支撐，鉤頭成對(duì)斜墊鐵。

墊鐵放置應(yīng)符合以下要求：每個(gè)地腳螺栓通常至少應(yīng)放置一組墊鐵。不承受主要負(fù)荷的墊鐵組，只使用平墊鐵和一塊斜墊鐵即可；承受主要負(fù)荷的墊鐵組，應(yīng)使用成對(duì)斜墊鐵，找平后用電焊焊牢；承受主要負(fù)荷且設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)產(chǎn)生較強(qiáng)連續(xù)振動(dòng)時(shí)，墊鐵組不能采用斜墊鐵，只能采用平墊鐵。每組墊鐵總數(shù)一般不得超過3塊，在墊鐵組中，厚墊鐵放在下面，薄墊鐵放在上面，最薄的安放在中間。

Before the mechanical equipment is in place, the strength of the equipment foundation concrete must be measured. Generally, the strength of concrete should reach more than 60% before the equipment can be installed in place. When leveling and adjusting the equipment, tightening the anchor bolt must wait for the concrete to reach the design strength. The strength of concrete can be measured by "steel ball impact mark method" for the foundation of small and medium-sized machinery and equipment. Pre-pressing is required before installation of large-scale mechanical equipment foundation. The weight of pre-pressing is 1.25 times of the total weight of self-weight and maximum allowable workpiece.
Geometric dimensions of equipment foundations shall conform to design requirements, and the datum line for equipment positioning shall be based on the center line of workshop columns or the edge of walls (as required by design drawings).
Anchor bolt
The function of the anchor bolt is to connect the mechanical equipment firmly with the foundation, so as to prevent the displacement, vibration and overturning of the equipment.
(2) The length of anchor bolts shall conform to the requirements of construction drawings. When specified in construction drawings, the length of anchor bolts can be determined according to the following formula:
L=15D+S+(5~10) L-foot bolt length(mm)
D-foot bolt diameter (mm)
S-cushion height and base, nut thickness and reserved amount (reserved amount is about 3-5 pitches of anchor bolts).
The vertical deviation of the bolts should be less than 1%.
(4) Elimination of deviation of anchor bolts. Processing of center distance deviation. When the deviation of the center distance of the foot bolt exceeds the allowable value, the concrete around the thread is first removed with chisel, and the depth is 8-15 times of the diameter of the bolt. Then the bending position of the bolt is corrected to about 850 C by oxygen-ethylene flame heating, and then corrected by hammer and jack. After meeting the requirements, weld steel plate at the bending part to prevent the bolt from straightening again after being stressed. Finally, the concrete tank is repaired.
Treatment of elevation deviation. If the positive deviation of bolt elevation exceeds the allowable range, a part of the bolt should be cut off and the thread should be re-machined. If the negative deviation of bolt elevation does not exceed 15mm, a part of concrete should be chiseled first, then the outer part of the thread should be baked red and elongated with oxyethylene flame, and two reinforcing steel bars or thin pipes should be welded on both sides of the part whose diameter is reduced after elongation. If the negative deviation exceeds 15 mm, the bolt should be cut off, and a new bolt should be re-welded. Four steel bars should be welded in the butt welding, and the concrete should be re-poured after the treatment.
The treatment of the floor bolt "movable plate". When tightening the anchor bolts, the bolts are pulled out of the equipment foundation due to excessive force, which makes the installation of the equipment impossible. At this time, the concrete in the middle of the bolt should be chiseled off, and then two cross U-shaped reinforcement bars are welded to repair the concrete, so that the bolt can be re-fixed.
The pad iron is placed under the base of the equipment. By adjusting the thickness of the pad iron, the equipment can reach the elevation and level required for installation. At the same time, it is convenient for secondary grouting, so that all parts of the equipment base can fully contact with the foundation, and the foundation can bear the weight of the machine equipment and the forces generated during operation.
Classification and application scope of cushion iron. Rectangular cushion iron (also known as flat cushion iron) is used for equipment withstanding major loads and strong continuous vibration. Most of the cushion iron is used for parts that do not withstand major loads (the main load is basically borne by grouting layer). There should be flat cushion iron under the cushion iron. The open cushion iron is usually installed on the metal structure or the horizon in the form of a support. When the supporting area is small, the equipment is supported by more than two soles and the hook heads are paired with oblique cushion iron.
The placement of pad iron should meet the following requirements: each anchor bolt should normally be placed at least one set of pad iron. For the cushion iron group which does not bear the main load, only a flat cushion iron and a slant cushion iron can be used; for the cushion iron group which bears the main load, a pair of slant cushion iron should be used to weld firmly after leveling; for the cushion iron group which bears the main load and produces strong continuous vibration when the equipment is running, the slant cushion iron can not be used, only the flat cushion iron can be used. The total number of pads in each group should not exceed 3 pieces. In the pad group, the thick pad iron is placed below, the thin pad iron is placed above, and the thinnest one is placed in the middle.

Company name: botou zhuoyuan mechanical equipment manufacturing co.,LTD
Registered address: jiaohe development zone, botou city, hebei province
Fax number: 0317-8031093
Contact information: 15369812793 (WeChat with the same number)  liansheng chu
Postcode: 062151
Enterprise email:1358827475@qq.com
Account Opening Bank: Botou Branch of Bank of China
Account number: 100399943203
Agricultural bank account number: 6228481739059615270

http://zhuoyuanjixie.com